Groundwater Quality Variations in Multiple Aquifers: A Comprehensive Evaluation for Public Health and Agricultural Use
نویسندگان
چکیده
Understanding hydrological and hydrochemical processes is crucial for the effective management protection of groundwater resources. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation into variations in quality across five distinct aquifers Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thailand: Bangkok (BKK), Pradaeng (PPD), Luang (NKL), Nonthaburi (NTB), Sam Khok (SK). Utilizing various diagrams, findings revealed that high levels sodium salinity shallow (BKK PPD) were found which can impede soil permeability have potential consequences on crop yields. The presence four types groundwater—Na-Cl, Na-HCO3, Ca-Cl, Ca-HCO3—suggests influence rock weathering, mineral dissolution, ion exchange reactions with surrounding geological formations, controlling chemistry basin. research also highlights concerns regarding quality, particularly elevated concentrations heavy metals (e.g., Zn, Hg, Pd, Fe, Mn) exceeding safe drinking water guidelines established by World Health Organization (WHO) certain samples. evaluation suitability consumption irrigation using Water Quality Index (WQI) Wilcox diagram reveals predominance “poor” or “unsuitable” categorizations. Untreated sewage discharge fertilizer usage identified as primary anthropogenic activities affecting groundwater. These emphasize need continuous monitoring, appropriate management, remediation efforts to mitigate hazards.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Geosciences
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2076-3263']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070195